RESEARCH

Well-Being Programmes in Prisons in England and Wales: A Mixed-Methods Study

This study explores well-being programs in prisons across England and Wales, analyzing their implementation, perceived benefits, and challenges in delivering structured health-focused interventions.

Program Types: Therapeutic, Social

Population Groups: Corrections/Justice-Involved

Setting or Context: Jails/Prisons

Health and Wellness Outcomes: Improved Mental Health, Enhanced Emotional Well-being, Improved Stress Management, Increased Social Engagement & Skills

Allied Profession Intersections: Recreational Therapy, Counselling

Type of Activity: Sensory Stimulation, Outdoor Gardening, Nature-Based Arts & Crafts

Evidence Type: Qualitative Research, Quantitative Research

Measurement and Evaluation: Metrics for Mental Health, Patient-Reported Outcomes, Program Effectiveness

Access: Paid

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Summary

The research examines various well-being initiatives in prisons, including physical activities, creative arts, mindfulness, horticulture, reading, and animal-assisted therapy. Prison staff reported overwhelmingly positive responses from inmates, with benefits such as reduced stress, improved mood, and increased engagement. However, interviews with staff revealed that while programs were valued, formal evaluations were rare, and direct health benefits were seldom discussed. Instead, programs were often implemented on an ad hoc basis, driven by individual staff initiatives or prisoner enthusiasm rather than systematic policy decisions.

The study highlights key barriers, including inconsistent funding, institutional limitations, and public perceptions of prison rehabilitation efforts. It also notes that the most impactful programs, such as horticulture and creative arts, fostered personal development, social connection, and behavioral improvements. The authors recommend a more structured approach to program implementation, including formal evaluations to measure effectiveness and align initiatives with broader health and rehabilitation goals within the prison system.